What are the mechanisms involved in the production of acid rain from atmospheric nitrogen?

Most acid rain is produced by surfer dioxide emissions and does not involve nitrogen at all.

Acid rain is not produced from atmospheric nitrogen. Atmospheric nitrogen is a very stable and chemically inert molecule and therefore is not converted to an acid by natural processes.

That said NOx emissions primarily from internal combustion engines are an increasing factor in creating acid rain. NOx emissions result from burning fuel at high temperature in the presence of nitrogen from the atmosphere. So for atmospheric nitrogen to produce acid rain it must pass through an internal combustion engine or an equivalent processes such as an electric power generator boiler to become NOx, which can be converted to acid rain.

The article below goes into the chemistry in great detail.

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